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Traditionally, songkok is usually associated as a cap worn by Muslim men, during religious or formal state occasions. Indonesian flag raising squad (Paskibra) wearing peci as part of their uniform
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The Royal Malay Regiment of the Malaysian Army have been using the songkok as part of their uniform since under British rule. While traditional triangular Malay headress of Tengkolok or destar is associated with traditional Malay nobles and royalties, songkok on the other hand has become part of traditional Malay men's costume associated with Islam, traditionally worn by local ulamas. The earliest written mention of the word songkok is in Syair Siti Zubaidah (1840). One Brunei newspaper account erroneously states that the songkok became a norm in Malay Archipelago in the 13th century with the coming of Islam in the region. (So when he took care of his son, he ordered him to wear jewelry like men's clothes and put on his head a golden rosary kupiah.) Maka tatkala memeliharakan disuruhnya anaknya memakai perhiasan seperti pakaian laki-laki dan dikenakan kepada kepalanya kupiah ros yang keemasan. : 132 : 235 Kupiah is recorded in Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain, the original text was written before 1600 AD: : 39 : 181 : 204 Kopiah is recorded in Pigafetta's Italian-Malay vocabulary of 1521 (published 1524) as cophia.
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Kopiah (kupiah) is recorded as being used by Majapahit elite troops ( Bhayangkara), recorded in the Hikayat Banjar, written in or not long after 1663. However this may only be part true, as the words themselves can be traced earlier. The songkok used to be worn during the Ottoman Empire and in some parts of Africa. The origin of the songkok can be traced to the fez, which was adopted by the Ottomans in 1826 and subsequently spread to South Asia and to the Malay Archipelago (now called Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia). Songkok, kopiah or peci has been traditionally worn by Muslim men in Southeast Asia, as shown here during prayer